Fire departments in nearly every pocket of Iowa have members who were awarded nationally recognized certifications by the state fire academy despite failing their tests, according to documents released Wednesday. The Fire Service Training Bureau has sent letters to 560 departments, a majority of those in the state, to notify them that "one or more firefighters on your department may have been" erroneously granted certificates in recent years and will be expected to undergo retesting. The letters show the far-reaching impact of a scandal that has undermined confidence in firefighter training and threatens to add to a shortage in the mostly volunteer force that responds to fires and emergency calls.